OIL PIPELINE PROJECT WILL GO AHEAD DISPITE EU RESOLUTION SAYS PRESIDENT MUSEVENI

 President Museveni has assured Ugandans and the EAC region that the East African Company Oil Pipeline (EACOP) project, will go ahead despite a resolution by European lawmakers calling for it to be delayed over “rights violations”.

France’s TotalEnergies and the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) signed a $10-billion agreement earlier this year to develop Ugandan oilfields and ship the crude through a 1,445-kilometre (900-mile) pipeline to Tanzania’s Indian Ocean port of Tanga.

“I saw in the papers that the EU parliament passed a resolution directing TOTAL not to proceed with the East African Crude Oil Pipeline. Please, don’t waste your time thinking about that. We have a contract with TOTAL written very well. The oil will come out in 2025, the first batch. The Oil project will go on and no one can stop it,” President Museveni said during a meeting at Kololo Independence grounds ‘

Museveni later tweeted: “Total Energies convinced me about the Pipeline idea; if they choose to listen to the EU Parliament, we shall find someone else to work with…Either way, we shall have our oil coming out by 2025 as planned. So, the people of Uganda should not worry.”

President Yoweri Museveni’s strong comments about this much desired project follow those of Deputy Speaker Thomas Tayebwa, who stated thus ;”These are projects which were approved by the parliament of Uganda, the parliament of a sovereign country and anything to do with challenging their approval is an affront to the independence of this house and we cannot take it lightly,” he said.

Tayebwa lashed out at the  European Union Parliament  resolution calling the latest move by Europeans – “ economic racism” and “neo-colonialism.”

Presiding over parliament Tayebwa  condemned the resolution saying the idea behind it is an act of neo-colonialism by the Europeans thinking that they can control the economic affairs of independent African countries.

“The resolution is based on misinformation and deliberate misrepresentation of key facts on environment and human rights protection. It represents the highest level of neo-colonialism and imperialism against the sovereignty of Uganda and Tanzania” Tayebwa charged.

The production of Uganda’s oil in 2025 remains on course as contractors – CNOOC and Total Energies have registered another milestone with the completion of their first oil drilling rigs for the Tilenga project after passing endurance tests at the Honghua Factory, Guanghan City in China. 

The huge -costly equipment which were shipped and have been on the high seas on the journey to Uganda is said to have arrived at the East African port of Mombasa according to a tweet from CNOOC Uganda Limited . The one of Total Energies is expected to arrive in Uganda in November ,2022.

” Steps to first oil.@ CNOOC Uganda Ltd Kingsfisher oilfield rig reaches Mombasa port and will soon be in Uganda and there’s no turning back,” CNOOC Uganda stated on their official Twitter handle.

Once production commences -the oil will be transported to the sea port of Tanga in Tanzania through the East Africa Company Oil Pipeline ( EACOP) and will traverse the ten (10) districts of Hoima, Kikuube, Kakumiro, Kyankwanzi, Gomba, Mubende, Lwengo, Sembabule, Kyotera and Rakai in Uganda costing (approx. US$3.6bn).

CNOOC is one of two licensed oil companies that will work on the EACOP project till 2025 when the first oil is expected to be produced in what will be historic milestone for Uganda and the East African region . The other company involved in EACOP project is Total Energies Co. ltd .

Of the total 1,443km, Uganda will host 296 km of the pipeline. This is going to take up about 2,740 acres of land. A final Resettlement Action Plan report was submitted to the Ministry by the Pipeline Project Team (PPT) and the report was approved in 2021.

Total Energies’ Tier one contractor Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau (ZPEB) received the oil rig code named ‘ZPEB Rig 1501’ at the official handover ceremony in China . ZPEB undertook to deliver the rigs after they – won the multi-million contract for the detailed designs and construction of oil drilling rigs for Uganda .

Total Energies Uganda Consultant Mr Thierry Vinay was excited about this giant step forward and has stated thus;” “This signifies progress towards the commencement of our drilling activities and subsequent delivery of first oil in Uganda. Thank you to all the teams that have worked tirelessly on building this rig and we look forward to receiving it in Uganda.”

The oil rig will be deployed to ensure the first oil production in 2025 at 400 oil wells -north of Lake Albert in Buliisa and Nyowa districts.  According to a statement from Total Energies – the ‘ZPEB Rig 1501’ is a highly innovative 1,500 Horsepower (HP) walking land rig with full integration, automation, low emission and is fully soundproofed. The rig’s 1,500 HP is equivalent to the horsepower of four heavy duty trucks. 

CNOOC said their rig the first that will be deployed in East Africa region – has been customized for its Kingfisher wells . CNOOC says the rig is a fully automated silent industrial equipment that is outfitted with industry -leading technologies such as well -site de-noising control , a zero discharge system ,and a pipe column automation system.

Total Energies will undertake drilling of more than 400 oil wells spread across 31 well pads in six fields (Jobi Rii, Ngiri, Gunya,Kigogole, Nsoga, Kasemene and Wahrindi) in Nwoya and Buliisa districts. 

The company is undertaking major infrastructural developments to allow timely drilling operations that will include the construction of the Tangi Operation Support Base camp. Some 600 oil workers for the exploitation of oil resources within Murchison Falls Park will be housed here .

The company is also undertaking civil works of the industrial area in Buliisa District. This covers 300 hectares and it will host the Central Processing Facility (CPF) operating for 24 hours with camping facilities for 4,000 people, an operations support base, drilling base, wastewater treatment plant, and a lake water abstraction system.

The CPF will process 190,000 barrels of oil per day with a supply of crude oil through 160 kilometers of flow-lines from the oil wells.  Another 95 kilometre-24 inch feeder pipeline will transport the processed crude oil from the central processing facility in Buliisa to the export hub and refinery in Kabaale in Hoima.

Minister Hon. Dr. Nankabirwa busy clearing all the hurdles to ensure smooth implementation

Energy Minister Hon. Ruth Nankabirwa and the ministry’s technical team led by Eng. Irene Batebe has been working around the clock to clear all obstacles that could undermine the fast and smooth implemnattion of the strategic national development project . The Ministry of Energy has since speared headed the passing of the East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP) (Special Provisions) law – which is an important “legislation of our time”- because it will facilitate the first crude oil pipeline development in Uganda and the East African Region.

Nankabirwa has said that the law will facilitate the Implementation of  two important agreements – the Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) between the Republic of Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania which was signed  on May 26 2017  and the  Host Government Agreement (HGA) -which  was entered between the Republic of Uganda and the EACOP Company.

Moses Paul Sserwanga Esq.

Media and Communications Consultant /Advocate of the High Court

msserwanga@gmail.com

PRESIDENT MUSEVENI RALLIES UGANDAN CAR PRODUCTION COMPANIES TO PRODUCE ELECTRIC BUSES FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND MANUFACTOR LITHIUM -ION BATTERIES LOCALLY

 

President Museveni has vowed that nothing will stop  a group of Ugandan innovators and manufacturers to  spearhead Uganda’s transition from  fossil fuels to E-mobility to reduce pollution and offer an organized -cheap transport solution for Kampala city and other urban centers.

The President said that the move  will shift the country from the use of fuel energy to E- mobility that will involve big- fully electric buses with a capacity of up to  90 -passengers, mini buses as well as electric motorcycles . According to the president these quick interventions will help to  decongest the city as commuters will adapt to a modern , quick  , safe and clean Rapid Mass Transport System within Kampala city and other urban centers.

The challenge ,President Museveni noted will be the manufacturing of lithium -ion batteires that are used to power electric vehicles .

“Batteries are a very crucial step for this intervention . We shall give you all the support to manufacture the batteries locally ,” Museveni told a group of scientists , innovators and entrepreneurs in  the E- mobility space who were led by the Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation , Dr. Monica  Musenero.

“In the medium term we shall have to make the batteries here, so I am very glad to hear that there is some body among you who is already involved in electric batteries,” the President noted.

President Museveni pointed out that although Uganda will be processing its oil in a few years to come, this will not stop the effort of having clean energy mobility technologies deployed on our roads.
Uganda boasts vast deposits of lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, and graphite which are used in the manufacture of batteries for electric vehicles. President Museveni disclosed that the government will develop a vertically integrated industry in steel manufacturing -since Uganda has a high grade of iron ore which is 70% pure  and  the best in the world followed by  that of  Peru which is only 58 %. 

He allayed fears that development of the automotive industry with special focus on E- mobility will undermine the oil and gas sector. “ The oil will be used for textiles, polyesters, plastics, aviation fuel , fertilizers among others,” he explained .

Kampala, Uganda’s capital which is  home to more than two million people- ranks among the world’s most polluted cities- with pollution levels up to seven times higher than the World Health Organisation’s safe standards, according to the 2021 World Air Quality Report. Around 28,000 people per year die as a result of air pollution in Uganda, according to GAHP.

.

Travel barriers holding back Africa aviation’s post-Covid recovery- IATA

 By Moses Sserwanga

in Doha ,Qatar

The IATA Africa Middle East Regional Vice -President Mr.Kamil Alawadhi has highlighted three strategic areas that will accelerate the recovery of the aviation industry in Africa following a three -year devastating Covid 19 pandemic . Mr. Kamil Alawadhi said there is need to quickly remove all barriers to travel, clear blocked airlines funds now standing at USD 1.6bn and ensure operational safety for the aviation industry in Africa to get back to its pre-covid bearings .

But he hastened to note that the IATA highlighted recovery priority areas will not possibly be achieved by 2023 if only 15% of Africa’s population is  fully vaccinated. “With more countries lifting travel restrictions for those vaccinated, the freedom of movement will be limited until vaccines are universally available,” Mr. Alawadhi explained adding that where governments have not restricted travel, the passenger business recovery has been swift.

He was addressing the African and Middle East Media personalities -ahead of the the 78th IATA Annual General Meeting and World Air Transport Summit now taking place in Doha, Qatar, 19-21 June 2022 and hosted by Qatar Airways. Some 1,000 aviation leaders from IATA member airlines, governments, industry stakeholders, strategic partners and members of the media are attending the event. 

“While most countries in Africa and the Middle East have opened up and eased travel restrictions, we’re still seeing unnecessary travel barriers in some countries in the region,” the IATA AME Vice President noted .

With low vaccination rates across Africa, the continent and its people are vulnerable and the economic recovery from COVID-19 is at risk. Moreover, with more countries lifting travel restrictions for those vaccinated, the freedom of movement will be limited until vaccines are universally available. With only15% of Africa’s population fully vaccinated, the challenge is particularly acute.

He also questioned the continued disparity in measures by different governments -where for instance Equitorial Guinea and Sierra Leone still requiring PCR tests even for vaccinated travelers and Cameroon, Rwanda, Angola and Liberia requiring two PCRs one before travel and one arrival.

In the Middle East there is a disparity in vaccine validity. “Some countries ask for a 4 four month vaccine validity, some nine and some in between. The number of doses also varies. Between. In view of the limited global supply of vaccines the WHO has said that booster jabs should not be a requirement for international travel.”

On the issue of blocked funds Mr. Alawadhi said IATA was moving strongly to urge government to release the blocked funds for airlines to free up resources that can boost the quick recovery of the industry in Africa where operators are struggling due to limited or no access to their operation revenues . Blocked funds refer to the money that airlines have difficulties repatriating from certain because of government foreign exchange controls.

“A financially viable air transport sector supports jobs and must be a driving force for Africa and the Middle East economic recovery from COVID-19.

A priority is releasing blocked funds. As of April, globally, there is a total $1.6 billion in funds blocked by 20 countries worldwide.  Of this, 67% is blocked in Africa for a total of $1 billion, tied up in 12 African countries.  Nigeria alone is holding back $450 million. It is the most amount blocked by any single African country, and the amount is rising every week,” Alawadhi regretted to note stressing that- cash flow is key for airlines’ business sustainability – when airlines are unable to repatriate their funds, it severely impedes their operations and limits the number of markets they can serve.

Aviation Leaders Assemble in Doha for IATA’s 78th AGM

 Doha – The International Air Transport Association (IATA), announced that leaders of the global aviation industry are gathering in Doha, Qatar, for the 78th IATA Annual General Meeting (AGM) and World Air Transport Summit (WATS), with Qatar Airways as the host airline.

The event (19-21 June) attracts the industry’s most senior leaders from among IATA’s 290 member airlines, as well as leading government officials, strategic partners, equipment suppliers, and media. 

“In a few days, Doha will become the aviation capital of the world. The last time we met in Doha, in 2014, we were celebrating the 100th anniversary of the first airline flight. This year’s AGM is another momentous occasion: Airlines are simultaneously recovering from the COVID-19 crisis, setting the path to achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2050, working to improve gender diversity, and adapting to a geopolitical environment that is undergoing its greatest shock in over three decades,” said Willie Walsh, IATA’s Director General.

Qatar Airways Group Chief Executive, His Excellency Mr. Akbar Al Baker said: “It is an absolute privilege to be hosting our industry partners in Qatar Airways’ home city, particularly during our milestone 25th year of operations. Coming together face-to-face provides us with the opportunity to discuss lessons learnt from our recent years during the pandemic, global issues affecting us all in the here and now, and to plan the best way forward for the industry.”

World Air Transport Summit

The WATS opens immediately following the AGM. A highlight will be the third edition of the Diversity and Inclusion Awards sponsored by Qatar Airways. These awards recognize organizations and individuals who are making a difference in helping to drive the industry’s 25by2025 initiative to make the aviation industry more gender balanced. 

The WATS will also feature the popular CEO Insights Panel moderated by CNN’s Richard Quest and featuring Adrian Neuhauser, CEO, Avianca, Pieter Elbers, CEO, KLM, Akbar Al Baker, Group Chief Executive, Qatar Airways and Jayne Hrdlicka, CEO, Virgin Australia. 

In addition to the updated industry economic outlook, key topics to be addressed include: the War in Ukraine and its implications for the globalized world; the challenges to achieving sustainability, including net zero carbon emissions by 2050, and reducing the use of single use plastics, allocating scarce airport capacity, and ensuring safe carriage of lithium batteries. New for 2022 is a CFO Insights Panel 

• Author
 
• Recent Posts

Palm oil project gives Kalangala a lifeline

By Moses Sserwanga

In Kalangala

 

 In a country where the locals are not very keen  at venturing out  of their traditional  surroundings,  Kalangala district one of the islands on lake  Victoria is fast becoming a local tourists  destination. 

 Because of its  quiet and breathtaking scenery  surrounded by the waters of Lake Victoria ,for  many of  Kampala’s affluent  and globetrotters -Kalangala is now one of their major weekend and holiday resting places.

 Although the tourism industry  is just picking up on the Island - after a one year lull- due to the devasting -global-novel -covid -19 pandemic, many  local and foreign tourists still  make the -three and half hours journey to the district -just to indulge themselves a little bit.

 “  We are extremely privileged that we are beginning to see the real potential of Kalangala even when it’s a hard to reach area . And for some of us in administration we cannot wait to take full advantage of  the people’s interest in our local tourism to help develop the district . There   is a lot of potential for our local tourism given the global interest in our cultural sites, the beautiful oil palm  gardens  (sic) -eco tourism,  Bugoma landing sites for early missionaries , sports fishing, water  surfing and  bird watching among others ,” Umar Kiyonga  an employee of the Kalangala oil Palm Growers Trust (KOPGT) , says.

 Mr. Balironda David Mukasa Salongo, the General Manager of  KOPGT, a former Agricultural Officer , says that Kalangala has come a long way since  1989 when it was  curved out of

Masaka district without any  economic feasibility to talk home about . “There was a
need to have a big  project  running here and  we are  happy to have the palm oil project which has helped inject ‘life’ in much of what the local people are doing currently .

 Kalangala (Bugala) with  a modest population of an estimated 90,000 inhabitants,  is the biggest out  of  the 84 Sesse Islands  “ The Kalangala local government is in charge of all the  84 islands 64 of which are uninhabited  . So through the   KOPGT we are  in position to improve our health sector, education, fisheries and above all promote echo-tourism with the beautiful scenery created by the oil palm trees- “forests” -dotted across the island”, Balironda states .

 “ And with  oil palm growing over the last 15 years , people are  earning  real incomes and in the month of April alone ,an estimated 1,300 oil palm farmers will earn an estimated UGSHS.4bn  from their farms and we expect the district’s  tax base to widen and that can only serve the public good,” a jovial Balironda told media personalities who visited the district to report about the positive economic and eco-tourism transformation caused by oil palm growing .

Because of the increased household incomes and general standards of living commercial banks have set -up banking services for the first time on the island and the farmers are encouraged to save and invest in other economic activities -thus widening the economic base of the district.

 “You can see all-round people are building better houses, opening up hardware shoes , saloons but above all sending children to schools which has led to a marked improvement in literacy levels,” Balironda explains .

 Ms.Connie Magomu Masaba, the Project Manager of the National Oil Palm Project (NOPP) said that growing of oil palm in Kalanga has  transformed households from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture.  The project has  also created thousands of jobs directly with many people working in the   plantations  owned by the  Oil Palm Uganda Limited (OPUL) plus the outgrowers.

 The National Oil Palm Project is a Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) initiative with funding from the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and because of  its success in Kalangala it  is now being extended to  Buvuma  Island .

The Buvuma Island project will be established on 7,500 hectares with 5,000 dedicated to the nucleus estate while the rest of the land (2,500) will be for smallholder farmers. The nucleus estate will be managed by Buvuma Oil Palm Limited (BOPL), a joint venture between the private sector, government and farmers, according to Masaba.  The Buvuma Oil Palm Growers Cooperatives Society Limited has been formed to cater for the interests of farmers

And the economics of oil palm growing

Currently, a kilo of fresh fruit bunches of oil palm is sold at Shs869 from Shs857 in April. In Kalangala, where the project was first implemented, smallholder farmers supply on average 6.9 million kilos of fresh fruit bunches earning a gross income of Shs6 billion every month. Smallholder farmers also earn from oil palm leaves once pruned, which they sell as brooms used in urban areas such as Kampala. It is estimated that an ordinary farmer can earn as much as Shs.800,000 from an acre of oil palm trees.

Commercial oil palm growing in Uganda started in Kalangala in 2006 and harvesting started in 2010 with crude palm oil shipped to Jinja where Bidco owns a refinery that makes cooking oil and soap among other products.

Oil palm trees reach maturity at four years and are harvested every 10 days for 25 years after which farmers will have to replant. This gives farmers a sustainable monthly income for years.   Oil palm is the world’s most versatile vegetable oil which is used to make soap, cooking oil, medicines, cosmetics, and ingredients used in the automotive industry among others. 

And the challenges

But much as  Kalangala has found its feet, there are  numerous  challenges it has to over-come. The district HIV/Aids prevalence rates are  still very high  averaging  at between
 27-30 %  compared to national average of  6-9%.  Kalangala does not have a district hospital; therefore, patients often have to travel by water to the nearby district hospitals in Entebbe and Masaka for treatment. Further, patients cannot travel by night because ferries and boats are not allowed to operate at night and the last time Ugandaupdatenews.com visited the oil palm farmers , the docking peirs at bugoma and Bukakata had been submerged following the rising water levels of Lake Victoria and no action had been taken by  the Kalangala infrastructure Services Ltd who operate the two public vessels that transport people to and from the island.

 msserwanga@gmail.com

 

MILES 4 SMILES MOTOR VEHICLE ENTHUSIASTS TOUR KIIRA MOTORS VEHICLE PLANT IN JINJA

 Members of the Ugandan famed Miles 4 Smiles – a group of motor vehicles enthusiasts ,mechanics and professionals have toured the multi-billion Kiira Vehicles Plant (KVP) at the jinja Industrial and Business park and pledged to support -mission vehicles made in Uganda- all the way – by buying vehicles produced by Kiira Motors Corporation (KMC).

Uganda’s automakers and industry champions are now taking orders to produce buses for the local, regional and continental markets .

The Miles 4 Smiles has over 200 members countrywide who each offer their relevant expertise in achieving the noble cause of charity . They were received at the plant by a team of Kiira Motors officials led by the Director of Sales and Marketing ,Mr. Allan Muhumuza.

Phase one of the Kiira Vehicle Plant which has been constructed by the UPDF Engineering Brigade under the army’s trading arm -the National Enterprise Corporation (NEC) is at 98% completion and has capacity to produce 22 buses a day and 5,000 a year. Some of the KMC products include the Kayoola EVs -the fully electric buses and the Kayoola Diesel Coach (KDC) -which for the last two years have been used to offer shuttle services for the staff of Civil Aviation Authority .

Do you want to buy a locally made durable bus (both electric and diesel) please contact Kiira Motors Corporation at their home in Ntinda ,Kampala. Telephone Contact; 0783039613 

THE ELETRIC VEHICLES REVOLUTION: GOVERNMENT SHOULD SET UP CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE AND PASS THE NATIONAL AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT POLICY

 

BY MOSES SSERWANGA

As we usher in the year 2022 amid a resilient Covid 19 pandemic- the 4^th industrial revolution is also taking shape-with the global 9 trillion dollars automotive industry quickly shifting to electric mobility technologies to mitigate the wide spread effects of climate change largely as a results of pollution from fossil fuels .

Last year, over 11 million registered electric vehicles including cars, buses, vans and trucks were on the road across the world. This number is projected to rise to 145 million by the end of the decade.

Luckily, for Uganda and Africa in general -this new global trend for software-enabled forms of E- mobility might – after all-not leave us behind by several hundred years as the case has been with the past industrial revolutions.

Several African countries can be credited for attempting to keep with -in touching distance with the more advanced world to deploy clean energy -efficient Electric vehicles and phase out the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) cars by the year 2030. And this is just eight years away.

 Uganda, South Africa , Morocco, Nigeria and Mauritius are among the early leaders in the EV market and this is one milestone that should be celebrated across the African continent . At least for once, Africa is moving in tandem with the rest of the world to deploy its home grown E-mobility technologies that will help the continent to have a fair share of the multi-trillion -global car market .

 Uganda together with other EAC regional government should cease the opportunity in the new year 2022 -to pronounce themselves and offer clear road maps on greening our cities  by promoting clean and efficient  E-mobility solutions. Kampala and many other African cities are ranked among the most polluted in the world due to the dumping of -end-of-life second hand used vehicles.

 Well as several industrialized- developed nations have set 2030 as the magic year to phase out Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles ,only one African country – Cape Verde has taken definitive steps to phase out the ICE cars by 2035 .

 In Uganda -Kiira Motors Corporation the state enterprise and industry captains in the development of the country’s nascent automotive industry have been at the forefront of developing  E-mobility technologies that have resulted in the deployment of electric vehicles -the Kayoola fully electric buses which are now offering shuttle services for employees of the Uganda Civil Aviation authority .

 Subsequently ,a  draft Automotive Industry Development Policy has been crafted to shape the destiny of Uganda’s multi-billion automotive industry. But unfortunately  ,this blue print is yet to be discussed and passed by cabinet .

 This means that whereas Kiira Motors and other two and three wheeler electric motorcycle producers like Zembo, Bodawerk and International University of East  Africa (IUEA) have taken the initiative to ensure that Uganda is at close quarters with other E-mobility champions across the world-there is still no clear government plan to align the country to the global mobility trends.

 Perhaps this is the reason why there is relatively slow adoption of EVs in Uganda and EAC region which still face  infrastructural challenges like the lack of public E-charging systems (apparently KMC has the only three available E-chargers) in the country if not in the entire EAC region. And what a pity ! .

 What needs to be done rather urgently

Government should in the year 2022 pass and implement the Automotive Industry Development Policy and other attendant laws .  There is also the urgent need -for the development of a national charging infrastructure for Electric mobility and that should be connected to the national grid at affordable rates to phase out the high polluting end-of-life vehicles in Uganda by 2030. This should quickly be done through the Ministries of Energy and Mineral Development and Transport and Works in collaboration with the Ministry of Science ,Technology and Innovation in the Office of the President -led by Hon. Ruth Nankabirwa, Gen. Katumba Wamala and Dr. Monica Musenero ,respectively . 

 

Kiira Motors and other start-up companies like Zembo, Bodawerk that have worked against all odds to  bring the electric-car revolution to the streets of Kampala with the production of electric-vehicle fleet and E- motorcycles  need to be supported  by government by putting in place a robust -conducive environment that will facilitate the fast development of  the country ‘s  automotive industry to service the  huge vehicle market in the EAC region and Africa continent .

The writer is a Media ,Communications  Consultant  and Advocate of the High Court of Uganda 

msserwanga@gmail.com